RFID Based Smart Shopping Trolley with PCB Design

Shopping is captivating and addictive, but standing in never-ending billing queues is a tiring process. Even though various online shopping platforms are growing, retail shopping has never stepped back. To ease the shopping process and eliminate lengthy billing queues, a new product has to be introduced with the appropriate use of technology. This paper summarizes a Radio Frequency Identification based smart shopping trolley that provides automatic billing and customer satisfaction. The RFID tags on the products are read by the reader present on the shopping cart. The display screen present in the cart provides the cost information and gives the final billing amount. This is then sent to the cashier`s database using Wi-Fi module and hence saves the customer's time. This entire model is designed on the PCB and simulated

Crack kinking at the tip of a mode I crack in an orthotropic solid.

The competition between crack penetration and crack kinking is addressed for a mode I macroscopic crack in an orthotropic elastic solid. Cohesive zones of finite peak strength and finite toughness are placed directly ahead of and orthogonal to the plane of the parent crack. The cohesive zone ahead of the crack tip is tensile in nature and leads to crack penetration, whereas the inclined zones slide without opening under a combined shear and normal traction, and give crack kinking. Thereby, the competition between continued crack growth by penetration ahead of the crack tip versus kinking is determined as a function of the relative strength and relative toughness of the cohesive zones. This competition is plotted in the form of a failure mechanism map, with the role of material orthotropy emphasized. Synergistic toughening is observed, whereby the parent crack tip is shielded by the activation of both the tensile and shear (kinking) cohesive zones, and the macroscopic toughness is elevated. The study is used to assess the degree to which various classes of composite have the tendency to undergo kinking

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application on Productivity, Nutrient Uptake and Quality of Teosinte (\u3cem\u3eZea mexicana\u3c/em\u3e L.) Fodder

Teosinte (Zea mexicana L.) is popularly known as Makchari being a close relative of maize. It provides succulent, palatable and nutritive fodder during Kharif season for feeding the animals as green fodder or conserved fodder in the form of silage. Teosinte is an excellent multicut fodder which gives high yield of nutritious green lush fodder in 65-70 days with less inputs as compared to maize. Nitrogen is an essential component of proteins, nucleic acid, enzymes, coenzymes, chlorophyll and cell wall. Phosphorus plays a vital role in crop production as it is involved in CO2 fixation, sugar metabolism, energy storage and transfer. Nutrient deficiency along with imbalanced and non-judicious fertilizers use of the important limiting factor that may affect the yield and quality of teosinte forage. In India about 62% and 49% soils are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus (Gibson, 2006). The application of nitrogen and phosphorus is considered to be the most important which improves the yield and quality of fodder. The present investigation was under taken to assess the effect of N and P application on productivity, nutrient uptake and quality of teosinte fodder

Analisis Kontur Isodosis Radiasi pada Pesawat Sinar-X di Instalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas

Telah dilakukan analisis kontur isodosis radiasi dari pesawat sinar-X di instalasi radiologi Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas menggunakan  software surfer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran sebaran laju dosis radiasi pada jarak dan ketinggian yang berbeda agar pekerja radiasi dapat mengetahui titik aman bagi pekerja. Pengukuran radiasi dilakukan menggunakan surveymeter fluke pada 9 titik pengukuran dengan 3 variasi ketinggian yang berbeda. Pengambilan data dimulai dengan mengukur radiasi latar kemudian laju dosis radiasi sesaat dan 20 s setelah pesawat sinar-X dipaparkan. Pengolahan data dimulai dengan menghitung laju dosis radiasi sebenarnya yang selanjutnya dibuat dalam kontur isodosis radiasi menggunakan software surfer dengan cara menginterpolasi data yang tidak beraturan menjadi bentuk grid data teratur yang dipisahkan garis-garis dengan rentang nilai yang sama. Hasil perhitungan menunjukan laju dosis radiasi tertinggi saat pesawat sinar-X dipaparkan 0,9 mSv/jam dan turun menjadi 0,002 mSv/jam setelah 20 s dipaparkan. Perubahan nilai paparan yang terlihat pada kontur menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan kontur dimana sebaran laju dosis radiasi tertinggi berada pada ketinggian 1,5 m saat pesawat sinar-X dipaparkan dan pada ketinggian 1,0 m setelah pesawat sinar-X dipaparkan selama 20 s

RFID Based Smart Shopping Trolley with PCB Design

Shopping is captivating and addictive, but standing in never-ending billing queues is a tiring process. Even though various online shopping platforms are growing, retail shopping has never stepped back. To ease the shopping process and eliminate lengthy billing queues, a new product has to be introduced with the appropriate use of technology. This paper summarizes a Radio Frequency Identification-based smart shopping trolley that provides automatic billing and customer satisfaction. The RFID tags on the products are read by the reader present on the shopping cart. The display screen present in the cart provides the cost information and gives the final billing amount. This is then sent to the cashier`s database using a Wi-Fi module and hence saves the customer's time. This entire model is designed on the PCB and simulated

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RASP IN DATA COMMOTION IN BUILDING ARCANE AND CAPABILITY QUERY SERVICES

Because of distinctive advantages in scalability and price-saving, storing of understanding-intensive query services in cloud gets increasingly popular. We setup random space perturbation system to produce realistic range query and k nearest-neighbour services of query in cloud. The forecasted approach will undertake data confidentiality, privacy of query, efficient processing of query furthermore to lessen in-house price of processing, and obtain a great balance within it. Random space perturbation system is a kind of growing perturbation, by mixture of order preserving file encryption, random noise injection, and random project. Random space perturbation system encloses lots of significant features. The fundamental proposal should be to at random modify complex data sets by grouping of order preserving file encryption, random noise injection, random project and dimensionality expansion, to make sure that utility for handing range queries is preserved

DIETARY PATTERN OF COLLEGE GOING ADOLESCENTS (17-19 YEARS) IN URBAN AREA OF BELAGAVI

Introduction: In India, poor eating habits are a major public health concern among college students who experience transition into university life, during which they are exposed to stress and lack of time. Objective: To assess the dietary pattern among college going adolescents. Methodology: Cross-sectional study conducted among 400 college going adolescents (17-19 years) residing in urban area of Belagavi. Diet (consumption pattern), frequency of meals, type of meal, vegetables and fruits consumption, daily water intake, consumption of fast food, etc. were assessed using pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. Results: Mean calorie consumption among boys was 1472 ±417 Kcal and in girls was 1360 ± 380 Kcal. 45.5% of boys and 51.5% of girls were underweight. Majority had regular meals and breakfast (72% &, 80.8% respectively). 46.8% consumed fruits less than three times per week, 58% had fried food twice or more per week and 40.5% consumed less than 2 liters of water a day. Conclusions: Most of the students in this study had healthy eating habits except in their consumption of fruits, water intake and consumption of fried food. A study of this type will help to provide nutrition education on healthy food habits and life styles which will help college students bridge the gap between knowledge and practice of dietary pattern

Review on Various Applications of Visible Light Communication

In the current scenario, there is an increased usage of Radio Frequency (RF) for wireless communication, that there is a major problem of bandwidth allocation. In order to overcome this problem a new technology called Visible Light Communication (VLC) is introduced which uses visible light whose data rates are higher than radio waves. Visible Light requires fewer components than radio technology, hence cost effective. Data transmission requires LED light sources which consumes less power. The data transmitted is more secure and can be used in electromagnetic sensitive areas. This transmission technique can also be used in aircraft cabins, hospitals and nuclear power plants without causing electromagnetic interference

A Single-Tube, Functional Marker-Based Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Major Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes Xa21, xa13 and xa5 in Rice

AbstractIn marker-assisted breeding for bacterial blight (BB) resistance in rice, three major resistance genes, viz., Xa21, xa13 and xa5, are routinely deployed either singly or in combinations. As efficient and functional markers are yet to be developed for xa13 and xa5, we have developed simple PCR-based functional markers for both the genes. For xa13, we designed a functional PCR-based marker, xa13-prom targeting the InDel polymorphism in the promoter of candidate gene Os8N3 located on chromosome 8 of rice. With respect to xa5, a multiplex-PCR based functional marker system, named xa5FM, consisting of two sets of primer pairs targeting the 2-bp functional nucleotide polymorphism in the exon II of the gene TFIIAɤ5 (candidate for xa5), has been developed. Both xa13-prom and xa5FM can differentiate the resistant and susceptible alleles for xa13 and xa5, respectively, in a co-dominant fashion. Using these two functional markers along with the already reported functional PCR-based marker for Xa21 (pTA248), we designed a single-tube multiplex PCR based assay for simultaneous detection of all the three major resistance genes and demonstrated the utility of the multiplex marker system in a segregating population

Persistent post-traumatic headache: A migrainous loop or not? The clinical evidence

Background: Headache is a common complication of traumatic brain injury. The International Headache Society defines post-traumatic headache as a secondary headache attributed to trauma or injury to the head that develops within seven days following trauma. Acute post-traumatic headache resolves after 3 months, but persistent post-traumatic headache usually lasts much longer and accounts for 4% of all secondary headache disorders. Main body: The clinical features of post-traumatic headache after traumatic brain injury resemble various types of primary headaches and the most frequent are migraine-like or tension-type-like phenotypes. The neuroimaging studies that have compared persistent post-traumatic headache and migraine found different structural and functional brain changes, although migraine and post-traumatic headache may be clinically similar. Therapy of various clinical phenotypes of post-traumatic headache almost entirely mirrors the therapy of the corresponding primary headache and are currently based on expert opinion rather than scientific evidence. Pharmacologic therapies include both abortive and prophylactic agents with prophylaxis targeting comorbidities, especially impaired sleep and post-traumatic disorder. There are also effective options for non-pharmacologic therapy of post-traumatic headache, including cognitive-behavioral approaches, onabotulinum toxin injections, life-style considerations, etc. Conclusion: Notwithstanding some phenotypic similarities, persistent post-traumatic headache after traumatic brain injury, is considered a separate phenomenon from migraine but available data is inconclusive. High-quality studies are further required to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of this secondary headache, in order to identify new targets for treatment and to prevent disability